明确的解答我会放到最后，在解答问题之前，我先和大家一起来捋一捋Spring mvc的工作原理。废话不多说，开始我们神秘的探险之旅！

应用示例

在讲工作原理之前，我们先看一个简单的spring mvc（ssm）示例，以及实现的效果

工程代码地址：ssm-web

工程结构与效果如上所示，我们不做过多的探究，我们打起精神往下看本篇的重点

工作原理

准备 – 资源的加载与初始化

1、DispatcherServlet 静态初始化

DispatcherServlet中有如下静态块

static {
// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
// by application developers.
try {
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);
defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException(“Could not load DispatcherServlet.properties: ” ex.getMessage());
}
}

这里会将DispatcherServlet.properties中的内容读取到DispatcherServlet的属性：private static final Properties defaultStrategies中，DispatcherServlet.properties内容如下

Default implementation classes for DispatcherServlets strategy interfaces.
Used as fallback when no matching beans are found in the DispatcherServlet context.
Not meant to be customized by application developers.
org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver
org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolver
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver
org.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator
org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver
org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager=org.springframework.web.servlet.support.SessionFlashMapManager

指定了DispatcherServlet策略接口的默认实现，后续DispatcherServlet初始化策略的时候会用到

2、interceptor定义的加载

spring启动过程中会调用InterceptorsBeanDefinitionParser的parse方法来解析出我们自定义的interceptor定义，封装成MappedInterceptor类型的bean定义，并放到spring容器中；我们可以简单的认为spring容器中已经存在了我们自定义的interceptor的bean定义

3、DispatcherServlet初始化策略：initStrategies

DispatcherServlet的继承图如下

DispatcherServlet是一个Servlet，tomcat启动过程中会调用其init方法，一串的调用后，会调用DispatcherServlet的initStrategies方法

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {

initMultipartResolver(context);

initLocaleResolver(context);

initThemeResolver(context);

initHandlerMappings(context);

initHandlerAdapters(context);

initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);

initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);

initViewResolvers(context);

initFlashMapManager(context);

}

实例化步骤1中的默认实现，并填充到DispatcherServlet各个属性值中

4、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的拦截器初始化

DispatcherServlet.properties种指定了两个默认的HandlerMapping：BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping、DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping，这两者的类继承图如下（我们暂时只关注DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping）

DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping间接实现了ApplicationContextAware，那么在DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping实例初始化过程中，会调用setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)方法，一串调用后，会来到AbstractUrlHandlerMapping的initApplicationContext()

@Override
protected void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException {
extendInterceptors(this.interceptors);
detectMappedInterceptors(this.mappedInterceptors);
initInterceptors();
}

初始化了DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping的拦截器：interceptor

我们来看下具体的初始化过程，看看上面的顺序是否只是我个人的臆想？

可以看到，初始化顺序就是我们上面说的，不是我个人的意淫；此时的DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping中有我们自定义的MyInterceptor。初始化过程我们需要关注的就是上述这些，下面我们一起看看具体请求的过程

请求的处理

请求从servlet的service开始，一路到DispatcherServlet的doDispatch，如下图

/**
* Process the actual dispatching to the handler. 将请求分发到具体的handler，也就是我们的controller
*

The handler will be obtained by applying the servlets HandlerMappings in order.
* The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlets installed HandlerAdapters
* to find the first that supports the handler class.
*

All HTTP methods are handled by this method. Its up to HandlerAdapters or handlers
* themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.
* @param request current HTTP request
* @param response current HTTP response
* @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure
*/
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request;
// Determine handler for the current request. 决定哪个handler来处理当前的请求
// mappedHandler是由handler和interceptor集合组成的一个执行链，有点类似FilterChain
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request. 决定哪个adapter来处理当前的请求
// handlerMapping是找出适配的handler，而真正回调handler的是adapter
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = “GET”.equals(method);
if (isGet || “HEAD”.equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String requestUri = urlPathHelper.getRequestUri(request);
logger.debug(“Last-Modified value for [” requestUri “] is: ” lastModified);
}
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified)